Designing for Train Automation: High-Fidelity Prototypes for a Smarter Fuel-Saving Journey

Context

As GE Transportation’s product portfolio expanded, the need for a smarter, more fuel-efficient solution for train operations became critical. The challenge was to create a system that could automatically optimize train speed and manage throttle and braking without compromising safety or productivity.

Problem

Conductors relied on dense manuals and manual controls to navigate complex routes, leading to inconsistent fuel use and operational inefficiencies. A smarter, more intuitive system was needed to support automation and improve trip handling.

Solution

I designed high-fidelity prototypes and motion-rich interfaces for a tablet-based app that streamlined train operations. The UI simplified complex route data into intuitive controls, helping conductors follow an optimized speed profile. I collaborated closely with researchers and engineers to ensure the experience aligned with operational needs and technical constraints.

Impact

The Trip Optimizer prototype not only improved fuel efficiency by automating train acceleration and braking but also reduced the reliance on manual operations, improving the overall safety and productivity of train handling. The solution laid the groundwork for future iterations that would enhance the scalability and automation of train operations globally.

Autonomous Trains

What does it take to enable train automation, improve train handling, and save fuel?
An on-board and GPS systems, railroad aspects and train characteristics — such as length, weight, speed limits, travel time, locomotive performance, ramps and rugged terrain — to determine travel standards, and more.

Imagine a railroad with so many obstacles that, in order to preserve the locomotives, the train operators needed to drive according to different parameters, taking into account unstable and remote areas, sharp curves and speed and acceleration variations.

To give you an idea, train drivers had an instruction manual to drive the train in different sections of the track, with specifications for each car and locomotive, contemplating several territorial and operational factors!

GE Transportation wanted a system that calculates the optimum speed profile and then automatically controls locomotive throttle and dynamic brakes to reduce fuel consumption and provide efficient train handling. In addition to standardize trips, offer greater operational flexibility, and avoid unplanned stops.

With Trip Optimizer, trains should run on time, operate more smoothly, and use fuel more efficiently – resulting in fuel savings and corresponding emissions reduction.

Project Breakdown

In 2018, I joined GE to work on Trip Optimizer, a digital “autopilot” system for train operations designed to reduce fuel consumption and improve train handling. It intelligently controls acceleration and braking by factoring in GPS data, train length, weight, terrain, and other operational parameters—ultimately enhancing safety, efficiency, and sustainability.

I collaborated with a small cross-functional team—including a UX researcher, product manager, and three software engineers—across GE Transportation teams in the U.S. and Brazil. Our goal was to design a functional prototype with interactive controls for user research and a tablet-based mobile app that served as a checklist tool for conductors.

I led the design process end-to-end, from defining user flows and wireframes to crafting high-fidelity UI, motion design, and interactive prototypes. My work was grounded in close collaboration with researchers and developers to align user needs with technical constraints and business goals.

After an initial brainstorming and sketching phase, I developed a clear understanding of how the solution needed to function, identifying five key steps: Initialize Trip, Trip Data, Train Data, Restrictions, and Start Trip.

I used Sketch and Adobe XD for the iPad wireframes, mockups, and prototypes. Illustrator was my tool for designing GUI elements, while After Effects and Lottie handled animations.

The final product

Below are screenshots of the in-train system in action, used onboard trains.

Impact